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Retina Diseases
The retina is a thin layer of tissue at the back of the eye that plays a crucial role in vision. It contains cells, sensitive to light and is responsible for converting light signals into electrical impulses and sent to the brain through the optic nerve. Various disorders can affect the retina, leading to vision problems.
Symptoms of Retina Diseases
Some common symptoms that indicate retinal conditions:
- Flashes of light, especially in peripheral vision
- Blurry and distorted vision
- Small dark spots or lines in the vision
- Loss of peripheral vision
- Sudden loss of vision
- Eye pain and redness
- Halos around lights
- Photopsia (sparks or flashing lights in vision)
- Reduce color perception
Types of Retina Diseases
- Macular Degeneration: This condition primarily affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. There are two main types: dry macular degeneration, characterized by the gradual breakdown of light-sensitive cells in the macula, and wet macular degeneration, which involves the growth of abnormal blood vessels under the retina.
- Diabetic Retinopathy: People with diabetes are at risk of developing diabetic retinopathy, which results from damage to the blood vessels in the retina. It can lead to vision impairment and blindness if left untreated.
- Retinal Detachment: occurs when the retina pulls away from the underlying tissue. It can lead to a sudden onset of floaters, flashes of light, and a curtain-like shadow in the field of vision. Retinal detachment is a medical emergency requiring prompt attention.
- Retinitis Pigmentosa: a group of genetic disorders that cause the breakdown and loss of cells in the retina, leading to a gradual loss of vision. Symptoms often begin in childhood and progress over time.
- Retinal Vascular Occlusion: This condition involves the blockage of blood vessels in the retina, leading to reduced blood flow. Depending on the location and extent of the blockage, it can result in vision loss.
- Retinoschisis: This is a condition where the layers of the retina separate, usually occurring in the peripheral part of the retina. It can be congenital or develop later in life.
- Macular Hole: A macular hole is a small break in the macula, that leads to a decrease in central vision. It often occurs as a result of aging.
- Central Serous Retinopathy (CSR): CSR is characterized by fluid accumulation under the retina, often in the central macular area. It can cause distorted or blurred vision.
- Retinoblastoma: This is a rare cancer of the eye that usually affects young children. It originates in the retina and can be hereditary.
The retinal diseases can have various causes, which may include:
- Age-related changes
- Genetic factor
- Systemic devices like diabetes mellitus can lead to diabetic retinopathy
- Infections
- Inflammatory conditions
- Trauma or physical injury to the eye
- Vascular disorders
- Exposure to toxic substances or chemicals
- Severe nearsightedness (myopia)
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