Types of Glaucoma

• Open-angle glaucoma – This is the most common form. The drainage angle where the iris meets the cornea is open, but the trabecular meshwork (the drainage system within the eye) becomes less efficient over time, leading to an increase in intraocular pressure.
• Angle-closure glaucoma – In this type, the drainage angle between the iris and cornea is closed or blocked, causing a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. This is considered a medical emergency.
• Normal-Tension Glaucoma (NTG): In Normal Tension Glaucoma, optic nerve damage and vision loss occur despite normal intraocular pressure. The exact cause of this type is not fully understood, but factors such as reduced blood flow to the optic nerve may play a major role.
• Secondary Glaucoma: Secondary glaucoma can be caused by eye injuries, inflammation, tumors, or other conditions that affect fluid drainage from the eye.
• Pigmentary Glaucoma: Pigmentary Glaucoma occurs when pigment granules from the iris build up in the drainage channels of the eye, which leads to increased intraocular pressure and optic nerve damage.
• Exfoliative Glaucoma: This type is associated with the shedding of material from the outer layer of the lens. The material can block the drainage angle, leading to increased intraocular pressure.
• Congenital Glaucoma: This rare form of glaucoma is present at birth and is usually caused by an abnormal development of the eye’s drainage system. It requires prompt medical attention.