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Cornea
The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior parts of an eye. The cornea is composed of specialized cells and proteins. And it lacks blood vessels to maintain transparency. The conditions that affect the cornea are called corneal diseases.
What Are The Major Diseases That Occur In The Cornea?
- Infection – mainly from scratches on the cornea and contact lens
- Injury – may lead to rupture of the cornea
- Post-operative (mainly after cataract surgery) loss of corneal transparency
- Diseases of corneal shape
- Rheumatological diseases affecting cornea.
- Contact lens related corneal diseases
What is a Corneal Transplant?
A transplant is the replacement of damaged or diseased tissues or organs with healthy tissues or organs. In a corneal transplant, the cloudy or warped cornea is replaced with a healthy cornea. If the new cornea heals without problems, there may be tremendous improvement in vision.
The healthy corneal tissue used for transplantation is supplied by an Eye Bank. Eye Banks work round the clock to collect, evaluate, and store donated corneas. The corneas are collected from human donors within hours of death. Stringent tests are done to ensure the safety of the person receiving the cornea. The Eye Bank verifies the donor’s medical history and cause of death, and performs blood tests to ensure that the deceased person did not have any contagious disease, such as AIDS or hepatitis.
Since the cornea was one of the first parts of the body to be transplanted, corneal transplants remain one of the most common, and most successful, of all transplants.
Treatments for Cornea
- Topical Antibiotics: Bacterial keratitis is often treated with prescription eye drops or ointments containing antibiotics, targeting the infection directly.
- Corneal Transplantation: Severe corneal damage may necessitate a transplant, replacing the damaged tissue with a healthy donor cornea to restore vision.
- Anti-inflammatory Medications: Corticosteroid eye drops can alleviate inflammation associated with certain corneal conditions, promoting healing and reducing discomfort.
- Lubricating Eye Drops: Managing dry eye symptoms involves regular use of artificial tears to maintain corneal moisture and relieve irritation.
Phototherapeutic Keratectomy (PTK): This laser surgery removes damaged corneal tissue, addressing conditions like corneal dystrophies or scars to improve vision. - Cross-Linking: Used for keratoconus, this procedure strengthens the cornea using ultraviolet light and riboflavin drops, slowing down or halting the progressive thinning of the corneal tissue.
Modern Eye Care Hospital is a Center of Excellence for Eye Surgeries in Bihar
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