Some of the common conditions and diseases associated with neuro-ophthalmology are as follows:

1. Optic Neuritis: It involves the inflammation of the optic nerve, usually associated with conditions such as multiple sclerosis.
2. Papilledema: Swelling in the optic disc due to increased pressure in the skull.
3. Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: Conditions that have inadequate blood supply to the optic nerve; it may cause sudden loss of vision.
4. Ocular Motility Disorders: Disorders in the control of eye movements; pathologies related to cranial nerve palsies such as third, fourth, or sixth cranial nerve palsy.
5. Pseudotumor Cerebri or Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Increased pressure in the space surrounding the brain causes papilledema and visual disturbances.
6. Visual Field Defects: Homonymous hemianopia, loss of half of the visual field due to strokes or any other lesion in the brain.
7. Neurodegenerative Disorders: Certain neurologic disorders, such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, may cause visual symptoms.
8. Thyroid Eye Disease (Graves’ Ophthalmopathy): Autoimmune disorder of the muscles, as well as all tissues around the eyes.
9. Vision Loss from Brain Tumors: Tumors in or near the optic nerves in the visual pathways can cause visual field defects or other visual disturbances.
10. Cerebrovascular Diseases: Strokes or transient ischemic attacks causing lesions of the visual pathways.
11. Neuro-Ophthalmic Complications of Systemic Disease: It can be a complication or manifestation of diseases like diabetes mellitus or hypertension.
12. Inherited and Genetic Disorders: Some conditions are known to have involvement of the optic nerve or any other part of the visual system by a genetic disorder.
13. Neurotoxicity: Optic neuropathy or other apparent disturbances in vision can result from some medications or toxins.
14. Traumatic Brain Injury: Head trauma may result in a variety of neuro-ophthalmic problems, including ill effects on the optic nerves or damage to those parts of the brain that control the movement of the eyes.
15. Infections of the Visual Pathways: This can include optic neuritis due to infections, such as Lyme disease, or those caused by viral organizations, which may affect the optic nerves.